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BEST AVAILABLE COP.

A. RECHNITZER.

CALCULATING MACHINE. I v APPLICATION mm ocr.12. 1908.

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CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED 0cT.12. 1908.

1,398,945, Patented Nov. 29, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ar/or ass:

UNITE]? STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER, nncnnrrznn, or BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T0 AUTARIT-GESELL- I SCHAFT u. 31 11,, or VIENNA, nnsrnrn.

lating machines, wherein to enable a rapid.

carrying out of multiplications and divi sions a carriage is displaced or shifted with reference to aregistering mechanism to the various place values of the same, so that the additions of the partialproducts or thesubtractions of the" partial quotients cangtake place rapidly. at-the. various place values; This classof calculating machines need,

especially, simplicity in the constructionofa printing apparatns,intended to be used I with it. There are three difi'erent numbers 25;

(multiplicand,multiplier and product,or dividend, divisor, and quotient) ,which ought to be printed; and, furthermore, these num-.

bers must necessarily, be mounted in different.

and separatedpartsof the calculating mech anism, as-one of the numbers (either the multiplier or the product) must be mounted on a carriage, becauseone number -must, be. shiftable to different placevalues with re-- gard to the others. And-as 1t 1s of course also; desirable to have all these numbers transmitted to, and printed upon, one sheet of paper, the -transmitting apparatus from such numbers represented in different parts of the calculating mechanism to the several printing means whichmust be arranged opposite a single paper, must be especially simple and adaptable or elsea complication would result, putting the printingmechanism beyond practical use.

A printing apparatus, meeting all these conditions is the object of the present inven-v tion, which also will be useful in connection with any kind of calculating or registering apparatus. The main idea of the invention is to provide for several numeral wheels (or any other device adapted to represent ligures) a single common transmitting and printing mechanism, by using a sort of test ing lever which is caused to strike of? the different positions of a plurality of numeral Specification of Letters latent. Patented Application filed October 12, 1908. Serial No. 457,414.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

wheels successively and so to transmit it to a single printing wheel which therefore will also be adjusted successively to print the numbers transmitted, in a manner similar in function to that of a printing Wheel of a tel graph apparatus. If the transmitting or sending apparatus of such a printing telegraph apparatus were made not-tobe'operated by a clerk, but by a calculating; ma; chine, to automatically strike ofi pertain numbers represented in its mechanisms-,-then such arrangement would emb0dy "the;-main idea of this invention. In other words, 'in-: stead of using for each registering wheel a separate printing wheel, and (if the print ing must be done. distantly from theiregis tery also a separate transmitting device,' the're is a di to this inventionya'i t'esting 4 lever which is caused to'be1slid"along a whole row of numeral .wheels,:so that-"all iof them are struck ofi by one and the samei'te'st ing lever successively and their different po-- sitions are transmitted in I the: same manner:

by a single wire or lever connectionizpto' a single printing wheel, and the -numberslsuccessiv'ely printed by the latter 'aslthey are struck, ,A, mechanism embodyingt this I an; vention willabe described hereinafter as a; preferred form, in connection withian'iauto matic calculating machine disclose'dgby British Patent No. 14353 051905, which isa de velopement of a similar machine described-in the U. S. Patent-No. 809,0751? Tosave'drawing space only, the annexed drawings show: a small machine of this type, with'three' digit places 7 for the multiplicand, three digit places for the multiplierrand three'fonthe product.

" In a the accompanying: drawings, 2 1

away; ,-:1 ."Fig. 2 is a'front elevation, partsin dotted lines; '2 1 I ,e.%=.--:--.e Fig. 3is a cross sectionfon the line'33 of 'Fig'. 1,2111 i 141 Figs. 4 6 are detail viewsiof tlie printing:

hammer mechanisms and the paperl carriage.

Referring to the drawings, 'thet'type of:

calculating machines in "connection,iwithi WlllCll the. present invention wlll be described, comprises a stationary portion or casing 1 in which must be slidably mounted a carriage 2. On the casing l are arranged the operating devices of the calculating machine, and a series of buttons 61 by which the operating devices can be adjusted, appear;

figure 1 is a plan view, parts being broken T/ave outside, and by means of which therefore, before a mutiplication, the multiplier, and before a division,'the divisor must be set by the operator. The buttons 61 are shiftable along their scales, and their differentpositions indicate the different multiplier or divisor fi ures inserted into the operating devices." or this purpose there is shown,

in the herein mentioned :patents, connected with each button 61 and slidable with it, a pinion 9 (Fig, 3), which pinion will be caused-to mesh according to its adjustment with ;either .one' of the ninegear segments t having different numbers of teeth, and thus pinion9 will be rotated an amount, which is; predetermined by its position, upon each rotation of the gear segments-4". The different rotations of the pin ion9 is correspondin'gly transmitted by axis 10*, and bevel gears and gears 18*, to registering devices. mounted on the carriage 2 and .comprising-numeral-wheels 83, whichby this and ;0fther arrangements described fullyin then-mentioned patents-are operated to showrthmproductin multiplication. On the carriage2 there are alsoimounted aseries-of slidable buttons 62, which indicate figures by theindifferent positions along their scales in a similar manner to buttons 61.- Before a multiplication, the second factor (multiplicand) ;is set upon'thesebuttons 62 by the operator, 'Whereupon theibuttons 62 are successively readjusted to their zero position, during the following multiplication, by means of-a worm 29 and racks 28, and the multiplication regulated in connection therewithiuitomati'cally, all of which is set forth in .the mentionedpatents. For a division these buttons are left in their zero positions by the operator, and are thereafter, during the course of the division, adjusted automatically by the worm and racks to indicate the quotient. The automatic regulation for division is derived from the movements of the first left'hand numeral wheel 83 and its catch 310", which adjusts the regulating yoke 65 by means of the parts 311", 343*, 3" 3 15", 347?, 349 351*, and 66*, all of which is known by the said patents. There is further described, that this calculating machine, is motor driven and automatically adds, subtracts, multiplies or divides according'to which-end of its slot (Fig, 1) an ad justing button 99 is displaced by the operator. As disclosed in British Patent 14,453 of 1905 the carriage travels automatically forwardly and backwardly (that means to the right and left of Fig.1) duringeach multiplication and division. This movement will preferably be used also to slide the testing lever, for the purpose stated before, along.-the rowof buttons 61 as well as along the numeral wheels 83 and alongthe buttons 62, in order to strike off the figures represented therebyand to transmit them ILABLE accordingly to the printing devices. It has also been described in thementionedpatents that during any travel of'the carriage 2, the main shaft of the'calculating mechanism of the machine is held at rest, so that there can occur no interference by the testing lever sliding along nd striking off the number rows with rotating numeral wheels or'mov- .ing par-ts of the calculating mechanisms.

The printing mechanism for the multiplier row represented by the buttons 61 may be constructed after the principle explained as follows: With each button 61 there is connected a bracket 254 which has a fork or opening, whicl 1 -embraces the spindle 256 mounted in casing 1 (Fig. 1).} The spindle 256 has a spiral groove 257, while in the opening of the bracket 25s a pin is fixed, which engages with said groove,,so that on shifting a button 61 the grooved spindle 25 6 belonging to it will be rotated-.-- Each spindle 256 extendsthrough the'wall 257 of the casing 1 and carries'at 'its outer end an ec-' centric 258, as shown in Figs. 1 and=2, and said spindles will, therefore, stand in different positions dependent upon the positions of the buttons61. Beneath each eccentrio-258 a slide piece 259 is guided on'the wall 257 and is ordinarily kept in itslower position by its own weight'o'r the pull of a small spring 260. Under-these slide pieces 259 is arranged as a testing lever an arm 262, which will be slid-to the right of'Fig. 2 by the carriage movement of the machine, in a manner to be described later on. It has at its left end a wedge surface 261, which, with the arm, rests upon a rail 266, which is constantly urged upward into the position shown in Fig. 2 by a spring 270, which spring must be relatively stronger than the springs 260 which act on said slide pieces 259. Then, if the arm 262 is drawn to the right of Fig. 2, its wedge surface 261, in being slid successively through between the different slide pieces 259 and the rail 266, will tend to push the same apart, and of course in doing so it will first move each slide piece 259 upward against the action of weaker spring 260 until such slide piece touches an eccentric 258 and consequently cannot be moved farther upward, whereupon the rail 266 is forced to give way a certain amount against the action of stronger spring 270. As a result, the rail 266 will be pressed down farther, the farther downward the corresponding eccentric is positioned. During such a sliding movement of the arm 262 to the right, the rail 266 will therefore alternatively be pressed downward by the wedge 261 and be pulled back again by the spring 270 into its initial position. so that an oscillating movement of the rail is produced, the different oscillations of which will correspond to the different figures inserted by buttons 61 into the operating devices. This varied movement is correspondingly transmitted to a printing wheel 250 in the following manner; The rail 266 has upwardly bent arms 27 0 which extend through openings in the casing 1, and to one of said arms is fastened a lever piece or link 271 (Figs. 1 and 3). This lever piece 271 is linked to a gear segment 272, which freely turns around an axis formed by a shaft 279 and'is' in mesh with a gear wheel 27 3. This wheel 273 is fastened upon an axis 274 in common with the printing wheel 250, and thus according to the different positions of the multiplier buttons 61 and their eccentrics 258 there will be effected successively different adjustments of the printing wheel 250 when the wedge 261 of the lever 262 is slid to the right of Fig. 2. Such sliding may best be effected as before mentioned in con nection with the carriage movement of the machine, for instance in the following manner: The carriage 2 bears a rack 328 (Fig. 3) on its rear wall, by which is driven a gear wheel 329, which is fastened upon the shaft 330, to the other end of which is fixed a like gear 331, which drives a rack 332 (Figs. 2 and 3). The rack 332 can slide on a dovetail'guide 332 of the casing, and has a bearing plate 263 fastened to it, to which is pivoted the arm 262 by means of a pivot screw 264, so that the arm 262 with the rack 332 will be drawn by the described gear arrangement if the carrige 2 is moved an equal distance, but in reverse direction. If for instance the carriage 2 is moved from its initial position shown in Fig. 1 to the left, the arm 262 with its wedge 261 will be moved from its initial position shown in Fig. 2 to the right, and thus cause, through the medium of testing lever 262, the described oscillation of the printing wheel 250.

It may be mentioned that for guiding the lever piece 271 parallel with the front of casing 1, it is linked below to a lever 275, which is pivoted in a journal bearing 276 of the casing. The same'sort of parallel guiding can be provided at the right side of the rail 266 toeffect a better guiding of the same.

The number set in the middle row by the buttons 62 may be printed after the same principle in the following manner: ()ver the buttons 62 there is arranged a testing lever 277, which extends upward through a hole 278 of the casing. It is fulcrumed on tne aXis 27 9 which is fastened in bearings 280 (Fig. 1) under the cover plate of the casing. During a travel of the carriage its buttons 62 are slid underneath the testing lever 277, so that the latter, which is constantly drawn down by a suitable spring 277 (F 3) will be raised to different degrees by the different buttons according as a button is positioned toward the front or toward the back of its slot. The lifting of the said testing lever is effected by means of the inclined surfaces or wedges 281 and 282 which are located respectively on the said testing lever and on the buttons 62. As the lever 277 carries at its forward end a segmental gear 285 which is meshed with a gear wheel 286 mounted rotatably on the shaft 2741. upon a sleeve, to the other end of which is fixed a printing wheel 251, therefore the movements of the testing lever 277 will oscillate the printing wheel 251 in accordance with the var ing positions of the buttons 62.

he same principle may be applied to move another printing wheel in accordance with the number set on the niimeral wheels 83, for instance in the following manner: Each of the numeral wheels 83 turns an eccentric 290 (Fig. Opposite each eccentric 290 there lies a pin 291 of a slide piece 292, which is slidably mounted on the bearing plate 293 of the carriage as by means of a screw. )Veak springs 294 draw the slide pieces 292 to the left of Fig. 3 and hold them usually as shown in this figure removed from the eccentrics 290, so that these and the numeral wheels can be turned freely by the operating devices, which will happen in this class of machines, as stated before, only while the carriage 2 is locked in its position. But when the carriage is moved, then in consequence and durinr such movement as will be clear from a look at Fig. 1 the different ends 296 of the slide pieces 292 projecting rearwardly out of the carriage casing will successively come to slide over a single wedge surface 297 (Fig. 1) as the carriage proceeds, and therefore will successively tend to either press this wedge backward or otherwise the slide pieces 292 will be pressed against the eccentrics 290 by the wedge. The wedge surface 297 is arranged upon a lever 300 (Fig. 3), which lever is rotatably suspended on a shaft 302, which is journaled in bearings fixed in the upper rail 301 of the casing 1. The lever 300 is pulled forward by a spring 300, which is stronger than the weak springs 294. In consequence thereof each slide piece 292 will, when it comes to slide over the wedge surface 297, (and this will be well understood-just only in such moment,) first be pressed against their eccentric 290, and after it has been so pressed and the slide piece 292 can not be moved an farther to the right of Fig. 3, then the wedge surface 297 with the lever 300 will have to give way and be moved farther to the left of F ig. the farther to the left the eccentric 290 wi l just have been positioned. But (this will also be understood) as soon as each slide piece 292 has passed the wedge surface 297 it will immediately be pulled back to the left by its own spring 294, so that the eccentrics and the numeral wheels are again free to be turned by the operating device this connection attention is called to the fact that the wedge surface 297 will beso placed in the machine, that it will always come to wheels by the operating devicesJ Therefore,

though the spring 300 is described as stronger than the springs 29 the slide pieces 292 can never be held in engagement by the spring 300 with the cams 290 when these cams are rotated, and in no direction of .movement'of the cams can block such movement.

The varying movement of the lever 300 is transmitted by a link 305 to a lever 306, which is journaled on the shaft 279 and carries a segmental gear 307, which transmits the movement to a gear wheel 308, which is journaled on a sleeve in common with printing wheel 252. Therefore the movement of the wedge surface 297 will oscillate the printing wheel 252 inaccordance with the varying positions of the eccentrics'290 and of the numeral wheels-83 of the registering devices. 7 r V But inlthat class of calculating machines, in connection with which the printing apparatus is demonstrated herein, there are usually twice as many digit places in the registering devices as the carriage has traveling range. In Fig l for instance there is shown a calculating machine with six numeral wheels 83, so that according to the necessities of the printing apparatus just explained the carriage 2 would have to shift six digit 7 places to the left in order to have all six slides 292 of the numeral wheels pass the wedge 297 to adjust the printing wheels to print the six figures represented by the numeral wheels 83. But according to the general custom in building such calculating machines, manufacturers will mostly make the carriage 2 travel three digit places only. In such case it will be of advantage to divide the printing apparatus for the numeral wheels in two parts, the first part of which will consist of the first three numeral wheels to the.

left, which part will be printed as just describedby means of the wedge 297 and the printing wheel 252. The second part, consisting of the remaining three numeral ,wheels to the right, will be printed during the same three carriage steps by means of a repetition of the printing apparatus for the first three numeral wheels. Itconsists in a wedge 298 (Fig.1) swinging on a lever 310, which is fixed on the shaft 302 and repeated as lever 311 at the left of this shaft, so that the lever 311 can transmit the movementfofleft hand figures of the same row of wheels 83. a 1 V It'has hereinbefore been described only how the printing wheels are, set. printing is. to be properly efiected, then it must'take place every time a printing wheel is oscillated at the right moment, and the paper carriage must be so shifted that the single figures, printed successively by the printing wheels, are'set' one to the side of the other, to their proper placevalues, on the poper. The paper carriage itself is best seen in Figs. 5 and I. Said paper carriage is shiftable on stationaryguide rods 320 and carries a shaft 322 upon which the paper roll 324 is mounted. The paper from this roll is then guided in between the printing wheels and the hammers 336 by the rollers 325 and 326, which are journaled in the frame of the paper'carriage. Of. course there may advantageously be also mounted as well on the paper carriage as on the printing wheels any of the numerous mechanisms, which have proved to be useful with any other printing apparatus-of a typewriter or a calculating machine (as: ribbon mechanisms or ink rolls,

line spacer, paper retainer and loosener, etc.,

etc.) but as the printing apparatus described does not distinguish in those mechanisms from any other known, or offers no special difficulty in applying them, it has not been thought necessary to describe any such details in this specification. On the other hand it is really a special problem of the present invention, to construct the moving mechanism of the paper carriage in accordance with the movements of the testing levers in striking ofi the number rows. As this movement is derived in the present example of construction from the movement of the carriage 2, the corresponding necessary construction for the paper carriage will be, that as the carriage2 is moved the distanceof onedigit place in the calculating machine, the paper carriage will corres ondinvly have to be moved differentially, t e smaller distance of one digit place of the printing column. For this purpose the paper car- If the riage is provided with a rack 327 (Figs. 2

and '5) which-is slowly moved by a small gear 335 fastened to an axis 334 in common 7 with a larger gear 333, which is driven by the rack 332, which has already been-described as moved inaccordance with the movements of the carriage 2 (by the gears 328 and 331, Fig. '3). The gear arrangements will be thus: that all the highest points of the testing lever wedges (261, 281, 297, 298,) will at the same time be opposite a corresponding slide or' button (259, 282,

292) which movement may by choicebe prolonged by flattening the points of the wedges and slides. At the same moment the paper carriage must be in a correct printing position and the hammers must strike against the paper. This striking of the hammers 336 may be caused by the following means: On the shaft 330 is keyed a disk 337, which carries a wedge 338 (Fig. 3). This wedge will upon each right or left rotation of the shaft 330 strike against the front end 339 of a lever 340 (Fig. 4) thereby pushing it back, and the wedge will pass the lever just in time, to release it again when the printing is to take plac Said lever is journaled on the stationary casing 1 upon a pivot screw 341 and with its front end 342 will press back a lever 343, which is fastened together with shafts 345 and 346 to a lever 344, all of which together form a frame, which can swing around its shaft 345, which is journaled in suitable bearings of the casing 1. The upper shaft 346 extends through slots 347 of the hammers 336. A spring 348 draws the frame to the right of Fig. 5. If therefore the lever 340 becomes free again after it had been pressed back by the wedge 338, the spring 348 will urge the frame 343, 344 forwardly into that position, in which it is retained by the. stop lug 350. In this position the hammers are not yet positively pressed against the printing paper by the rod 346. But they may in this position by their own inertia and the play of shaft 346 in the slots 347 come to strike against the paper, provided of course that they are not prevented from doing so by some other mechanism. This will be well understood. It will be necessary to provide such a printing preventing mechanism, or else the different rows of figures would always be printed as well at the forward as at the backward travel of the carriage, which is not desirable. Therefore the striking of the hammers against the paper can at choice be prevented by suitably arranged catches 358 (Figs. 4 and 5) on the printing hammers working together with stops 357 for instance of a slide 355 (Figs. 6, 1 and 5) so that one or the other of the printing hammers may in every position of such a slide 355 strike or strike not against one of the stops 357 and thus be or be not prevented from striking the paper, 6., from printing. The slide 355 is connected in the present machine to the adjusting button 99 by means of a lever 101 1), which turns around its bearing 102 and has a pin 101 extending into the slot 355 of the slide 355 and also embraces with its forked front. end the said adjusting button 99. .ln the English Patent No. 14,453 of 1905 it has been described, that in this class of calculating machines during the performance of a multiplication the button 99 rests in the position marked M in Fig. 1 and during a division in the position marked D in Fig. 1. After the completion of a multiplication (or division) this button will according to the mentioned patent automatically be shifted to the places marked Mr? (or Dr respectively) in Fig. 1. During a multiplication or division, when the button 99 stands at M or D, the carriage 2 of the machine is described in this patent to travel from right to left of Fig. 1, but after the end of such operations, after the button has been returned to one of the places marked Mr or Dr the carriage of the machine will return to its right end position of rest. The printing as described in the present invention takes place during and in consequence of a carriage travel and the printing hammers may by the working of the slide 355 be caused for each of the printing wheels 250, 251, 252, 253, and for each kind of operation at choice, separately and independently, to strike off the printing wheels either during the forward or during the backward travel of the carriage. For instance, the buttons 62 must be according to the said English patent adjusted by the operator corresponding to the multiplier before a multiplication can be started, and these buttons are thereafter automatically returned to their zero positions in the course of the then following automatic multiplication. The positions of the buttons 62 must therefore be printed before these buttons are returned to zero by such multiplication. On the other hand, these circumstances are reversed in division. Beause, when the machine is started. for a division the buttons 62 are now left in their zero positions by the operator, but are thereafter automatically moved during the division to such places, that they indicate the quotient. They remain in those positions, which ought to be retained in print now, while the carriage returns after a completion of a division. Therefore for division the positions of the buttons 62 ought to be printed during the return of the carriage. To comply with these necessities suitable stops 357 have to be arranged for that one printing hammer which is opposite the printing wheel 251 and therefore strikes off the positions of the buttons 62. One stop will be necessary to pre vent the printing in the position Mr of the button 99, the other in the position D of this button. The example given will make it clear that any necessary arrangement can bemade in this respect with the device shown.

*hile it is true. that the movement of the paper carriage will not stop during the striking of the hammers, this movement is too slow, to cause any perceptible smearing of the types.

It is obvious that the described invention is susceptible of modification as parts may be added, parts substituted and parts changed without departing from the scope of the invention as pointed out in the claims.

I claim as my invention 1. In a calculating machine, the combinadevices, and means tomove the row of buttons indicating the figure-to be printed laterally of the movable lever and to adjust the samethereby according to this figure,

V 2. In a calculating machine, the combination with recording devices, of a row of two ormore numeral wheels which are set to indicatea certain figure to be recorded, a movable-lever connected with the recording devices, and means to move the row of numeral wheels indicating the figure to be recorded laterally of the movable lever and toadjust the same thereby according to this figure.

3. In a calculating machine, the combination, with recording devices, of a row of two or more stepped disks setto indicate a certain figure to be recorded, a movable lever connected with the recording devices, and means to slide the lever along the row of disks indicating figures to be recorded andto oscillate the lever thereby according to these figures. V v

4:. In a calculating machine, the combination with recording devices, of two or more devices. each indicating a selected figure to be recorded, a movable member. comiected with the recording devices, and means to establish a successive working connection between the devices indicating the two or more selected figures to be recorded and the single movable member connected with the recording devices.

. 5. In a calculating machine, the combination with two or more registeringidevices comprising stepped disks, of slides movable against the stepped disks to diiferent extents depending upon the position of each disk, a member movable along said slides andadapted to be thereby oscillated in. a manner, depending upon the possible movements of said slides, and means connected with said oscillated member to record the positions of theregistering devices. i

6. In a calculating machine, the combina-, tion with two or more registering devices, of means. movable against the registering devices to different extents depending'upon the position of each registering device, a member adapted to be oscillated in a manner depending upon the possible movements of aforesaid means, and means connected with said oscillated member to record the positions of the registering devices.

7.111 a calculating machine, the combination with two or more registering devices, of a single printing means for the same, means to set figures into the registering devices independently of an adjusting of the printing means, and adjusting means independent of the setting means for the registering devices to adjust thereafter the single printing means to accord in succession with one after the other of the figures represented by the registeringdevices.

8. In a multiplying machine, the combinationrwith a multiplicand register, product wheels, a multiplying mechanism conimunicating between the multiplicand register and the product wheels, meansfor operating the multiplyingmechanism to regisdend, the divisor and the quotient on the' same platen. V is 10. In a caloulatingmachine, the combi nation with row of figure representing devices, of printing means to print the figures represented therein, 7 operating mechanism to perform different calculating operations, adjusting means to adjust the operating mechanism for the performance of the different calculating operations, and means regulating the printing means to take the imprint either before or after'sucha calculating operation, dependent upon the ditferent position of the ad usting means.

In. testimony whereofl affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

V ALEXANDERR-ECHNITZEE.

lVitnesses:

Ronmrr IV; HEINGARTNER, I AUcUsr FUoonR. 

